Scouting has the
stated aim of supporting young people in their physical, mental and spiritual
development, that they may play constructive roles in society. During the first
half of the 20th century, the movement grew to encompass three major age groups
each for boys and, in 1910, a new organization, Girl Guides, was created
for girls It is one of several worldwide youth organizations.
Scouting began in
1907 when Robert Baden-Powell,
a lieutenant general in the British Army,
held the first Scouting encampment on Brownsea
Island in England. Baden-Powell wrote the principles of Scouting
in Scouting for Boys , based on his
earlier military books, with influence and support of Frederick Russell Burnham Ernest Thompson Seton of the Woodcraft
Indians, William Alexander Smith of
the Boys' Brigade, and his publisher Pearson.
The movement employs
the Scout method, a program of informal education
with an emphasis on practical outdoor activities, including camping, woodcraft,aquatics, hiking, backpacking, and sports. Another widely
recognized movement characteristic is the Scout uniform,
by intent hiding all differences of social standing in a country and making for
equality, with neckerchief and campaign hat or
comparable headwear. Distinctive uniform insignia include the fleur-de-lis and
the trefoil,
as well as merit badges and other patches.
In 2011, Scouting and
Guiding together had over 41 million members worldwide. The two largest
umbrella organizations are the World Organization of the Scout
Movement , for boys-only and co-educational organizations, and
the World
Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts , primarily for
girls-only organizations but also accepting co-educational organizations. The
year 2007 marked the centenary of Scouting world wide, and member organizations planned
events to celebrate the occasion.
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